病原体生长和毒性动态驱动宿主进化对抗共感染
Srijan Seal1, Dipendra Nath Basu1, Kripanjali Ghosh1
1Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India.
概括
同感染显著影响宿主适应,快速起作用的病原体延迟宿主免疫进化. 了解病原体动态对于预测宿主对多种感染的反应至关重要.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
背景情况:
- 共感染很常见,影响全球健康,但研究往往集中在单个病原体相互作用上.
- 同感染对宿主适应和免疫的进化后果在很大程度上是未知的.
- 个体病原体的特征,如生长和毒性,可能会影响宿主进化轨迹.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同动态的共感染病原体如何影响宿主适应.
- 确定病原体生长和毒性在共感染期间塑造宿主免疫进化的作用.
- 为了比较宿主适应率与单个或多个感染.
主要方法:
- 理论建模与昆虫模型 *Tribolium castaneum* 的实验进化相结合.
- 暴露宿主两个细菌共感染病原体与对比的生长和毒性动态.
- 利用RNA测序 (RNAseq) 来分析宿主免疫反应.
主要成果:
- 宿主对共感染的适应显著延迟,特别是当涉及快速起作用的病原体时.
- 主体进化了对缓慢生长的病原体的快速生存,但在共感染场景中表现出延迟的适应.
- RNAseq揭示了对抗快速起作用的病原体的有限免疫调节能力,可能是由于昂贵和性免疫反应.
结论:
- 病原体的生长和毒性动态极大地调节了共感染期间宿主适应性反应.
- 快速起作用的病原体可以通过限制有效的免疫反应来阻碍宿主适应.
- 了解病原体特异性特征对于预测共感染群体的进化结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
Infection
6.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
6.5K
Viral Mutations
32.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.0K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.3K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.3K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
10.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
10.6K
Antibiotic Selection
51.9K
Overview
51.9K
Viral Recombination
23.1K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.1K


