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Updated: May 10, 2025

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病毒冠状病毒的使用和宿主转移RNA
1Molecular Virology Group, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;
Annual review of virology
|April 23, 2025
概括
像 chikungunya 病毒 (CHIKV) 这样的病毒使用宿主转移RNA (tRNA) 修改来克服与次优代码子的挑战,在感染期间增强病毒蛋白质的产生. 这一策略可能会提供新的抗病毒治疗点.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生化学
背景情况:
- 有效的病毒蛋白生产对于宿主细胞内的病毒复制至关重要.
- 许多病毒基因组含有次优代码子,这具有悖论意义,可以限制蛋白质输出.
- 形成tRNA表转录组的宿主转移RNA (tRNA) 修饰越来越被认为是翻译的关键调节者.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究病毒如何使用 chikungunya 病毒 (CHIKV) 作为模型,管理翻译尽管代码子使用次优.
- 探索宿主tRNA表写体在病毒复制中的作用.
- 为广泛的抗病毒策略确定潜在的治疗点.
主要方法:
- 对病毒基因组序列的分析,以寻找编码子使用模式.
- 研究CHIKV感染对宿主细胞应激反应的影响.
- 在CHIKV感染后的tRNA表写体的特征性变化.
- 评估受感染细胞中亚最佳编码子的选择性转化.
主要成果:
- 奇克病毒感染诱导了DNA损伤应激反应,改变了宿主tRNA表转录组.
- 这些tRNA修改重新编程了密码体的最佳性,有利于特定的亚最佳密码体的翻译.
- 这些向性编码子在CHIKV的基因组和宿主应激反应基因中普遍存在.
- 病毒密码子的使用被优化为受感染细胞中修改的tRNA景观.
结论:
- 病毒编码子使用,宿主应激反应和tRNA修饰之间的相互作用是一种保存的病毒策略.
- 这种机制使病毒能够高效地产生蛋白质,尽管代码子使用率低于最佳.
- 针对这种病毒与宿主相互作用,为开发新型抗病毒疗法提供了一个有希望的途径.
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