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相关概念视频

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

143
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

279
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
279
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:27

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

4.1K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

127
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
127
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

320
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
320

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Updated: May 13, 2025

PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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基于PLGA的长效注射剂 (LAI) 配方

Kinam Park1

  • 1Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
概括

在特征聚乳酸合糖化物 (PLGA) 聚合物和理解药物释放机制方面的进展正在改善长效注射剂 (LAI) 配方. 这种转变使我们能够从试错转向设计质量方法,人工智能提供了未来的潜力.

关键词:
人工智能的人工智能是人工智能.关于PLGA聚合物的特性药物释放机制 药物释放机制美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准长效注射剂 (LAI) 的配方通过设计的质量 (QbD)

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科学领域:

  • 制药科学 制药科学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 长效注射剂 (LAI) 配方已经使用了30多年,其中聚合物 (PLGA) 聚合物是已批准产品中占主导地位的辅助剂.
  • 基于PLGA的LAI配方的传统开发受制于缺乏对配方复杂性的全面理解,以及对聚合物表征的分析方法不足.

研究的目的:

  • 提供关于在最终LAI产品中表征PLGA聚合物的最新进展的视角.
  • 提高对LAI产品中药物释放机制的理解.
  • 探索人工智能 (AI) 在推动 LAI 配方开发方面的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 审查最近的分析进步,以描述PLGA聚合物在LAI成品配方中的特征.
  • 分析与LAI产品相关的药物释放机制.
  • 讨论设计质量 (QbD) 原则的整合.
  • 在配方科学中探索AI应用.

主要成果:

  • 改进的表征技术为LAI产品中的PLGA聚合物特性提供了更深入的见解.
  • 增强对药物释放动力学和影响因素的理解.
  • 这些进展促进了从经验试错到系统QbD方法的过渡.
  • 人工智能为改进和加快LAI配方开发提供了新兴机会.

结论:

  • 先进的表征和机制理解对于优化基于PLGA的LAI配方至关重要.
  • 在AI的支持下,向QbD的转变承诺更高效和可预测的LAI产品开发.
  • 未来的研究应该专注于利用这些进步为创新的LAI疗法.