美国国际开发署在拯救儿童生命中的作用:过去的遗产和未来的方向
Alexandra L Coria1,2, Brian Wahl3, Naveen Thacker4,5
1Arnhold Institute for Global Health and Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
Pediatrics
|April 23, 2025
概括
美国国际开发署 (USAID) 在低收入和中等收入国家显著降低了儿童死亡率. 美国国际开发署 (USAID) 对母亲和儿童健康 (MCH) 和疟疾计划的高资助显示出了显著的影响.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 国际发展国际发展
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 美国国际开发署 (USAID) 在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 资助母婴健康 (MCH) 倡议方面有着悠久的历史.
- 全球五岁以下儿童死亡率大幅下降,从2000年至2022年间,每1000个活产婴儿的死亡率从76个下降到37个.
- 减少儿童死亡率的进展是各种组织,政府和医疗保健专业人员多方面的努力的结果.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国国际开发署 (USAID) 资助对母婴健康 (MCH) 结果的影响.
- 确定USAID的MCH和疟疾资金对减少五岁以下儿童死亡率的具体贡献.
- 量化美国国际开发署对LMIC投资的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用因果分析框架,引用了Weiss等的2022年研究.
- 与对照区域相比,美国国际开发署资金高的地区的五岁以下儿童死亡率.
- 主要分析的重点是2000年至2016年期间.
主要成果:
- 美国国际开发署 (USAID) 对MCH的高资金独立地减少了每1000个活产婴儿的20多例死亡,减少了五岁以下儿童的死亡率.
- 美国国际开发署 (USAID) 对疟疾控制的高资金也独立地减少了每1000个活产婴儿的20多例死亡,减少了五岁以下儿童的死亡率.
- 与没有类似水平的USAID投资的地区相比,观察到这些减少.
结论:
- 美国国际开发署针对MCH和疟疾的有针对性的资金已显然有助于大幅减少五岁以下儿童死亡率.
- 该机构的投资在改善LMICs儿童存活率方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 继续和潜在地增加这些领域的投资是有必要的,以维持和加快进步.
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