有效性分析和价值不可衡量的分析
1Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. anders.herlitz@iffs.se.
Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E
|April 24, 2025
概括
有效性分析,包括效益成本分析和成本效益分析,往往会遇到无法衡量的值. 本研究探讨了在决策过程中对这些不可比拟的利益和成本的有问题的反应.
科学领域:
- 决策分析 决策分析
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 公共政策分析 公共政策分析
背景情况:
- 有效性分析,如效益成本分析 (BCA) 和成本效益分析 (CEA),被广泛用于评估政策和项目成果.
- 这些方法往往假定好处和成本可以相应估值,允许直接比较.
- 然而,现实世界的场景经常涉及不可衡量的收益和成本,这意味着它们不能直接排名或等同.
研究的目的:
- 在有效性分析中批判性地检查不可衡量的价值所带来的挑战.
- 概述和评估在决策环境中对价值不可衡量的两个主要反应.
- 突出当前处理无与伦比的收益和成本的方法的局限性.
主要方法:
- 在经济评估框架内对价值不可衡量的概念分析.
- 审查和批评两个解决不相称性的建议策略:多维测量和接受估值限制.
- 关于两种拟议的答案在充分捕捉真实价值的不足的论证.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了在面对不可衡量的价值时应用传统的效益成本分析和成本效益分析的重大挑战.
- 表明,放弃单维测量而转而采用多维测量是有问题的.
- 表明坚持传统方法,同时承认其局限性,也不能充分反映真正的价值关系.
结论:
- 无论是放弃传统的测量,还是接受估值限制,都不能为有效性分析中的不可衡量性提供令人满意的解决方案.
- 该研究表明,需要新的方法来处理政策和项目评估中的无与伦比的价值.
- 需要进一步的研究,以开发更强大的方法,在价值不相称性下进行决策.
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