使用联合国儿童基金会2030年早期儿童发展指数来识别具有显著认知迟缓的幼儿
Eric Emerson1,2, Gwynnyth Llewellyn2,3
1Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
|April 24, 2025
概括
更新的2030年早期儿童发展指数 (ECDI2030) 有效地衡量全球幼儿显著认知延迟 (SCD). 这种新工具有助于解决对高收入国家的研究偏见,提供了一种成本效益高的方法来研究贫穷国家的发展延迟.
科学领域:
- 全球儿童发展研究研究
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 公共卫生流行病学
背景情况:
- 全球智力障碍研究在很大程度上偏向于高收入国家.
- 之前的研究使用了儿童早期发育指数 (ECDI) 来估计显著认知延迟 (SCD).
- 联合国儿童基金会已经将ECDI更新为20项版本 (ECDI2030).
研究的目的:
- 评估ECDI2030用于测量SCD的实用性.
- 为全球幼儿提供更强大的SCD指标.
- 为了解决全球发展迟缓研究的不平衡.
主要方法:
- 对ECDI2030数据的二次分析,来自92,506名2至4岁的儿童.
- 来自23项全国代表性调查的数据,主要来自低收入国家.
- 利用来自高人类发展指数 (HDI) 的国家SCD的特定年龄切割点.
主要成果:
- 在ECDI2030的11个学习项目中,各国表现出良好的内部一致性.
- SCD的患病率从1.1%到34.1%不等,与国家的HDI和财富有很强的相关性.
- SCD的危险因素包括男性性别,较低的家庭财富,较低的母亲教育,以及缺乏幼儿教育入学率.
结论:
- 在主要的全球调查 (UNICEF MICS,USAID DHS) 中,ECDI2030正在实施.
- 自由获取的个人级别数据将有助于研究低收入国家的发育迟缓.
- ECDI2030提供了一种具有成本效益的方法来减少研究偏见,并在全球范围内了解儿童发育风险.
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