非小细胞肺癌的精密瘤学:对上下文化聊天GPT模型的比较研究
Ethan D L Brown1, Harshal A Shah1, Brianna M Donnelly1
1Neurological Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA.
Cureus
|April 24, 2025
概括
将大型语言模型 (LLM) 与PDF文档进行上下文化,显著提高了它们与国家综合癌症网络 (NCCN) 针对非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 治疗建议的指南保持一致的能力.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医学中越来越多地被采用,促使对临床决策支持进行评估.
- 瘤学,特别是非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 管理,是评估LLM实用性的关键领域.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同的上下文化方法如何影响ChatGPT遵守国家综合癌症网络 (NCCN) 关于NSCLC治疗的指南.
- 评估LLM产生的建议与已建立的瘤学准则的准确性和一致性.
主要方法:
- 根据NCCN指南,GPT-4o,GPT-4和PDF+Prompt上下文化GPT-4模型的任务是确定基于NCCN指南的高级NSCLC的首选化疗方法.
- 对答案进行了比较,与NCCN指南使用可读性得分和定性评估针对性治疗建议,协议,和非一致的疗法.
主要成果:
- 与GPT-4 (17/24) 和GPT-4o (18/24) 相比,PDF+Prompt上下文化模型与NCCN指南 (23/24) 的一致性明显更高.
- 与GPT-4 (4/12) 和GPT-4o (5/12) 不同,PDF+Prompt模型没有推指南非一致的疗法.
- 背景化模型表现出更好的可读性,字数较少,SMOG/枪雾分数较低.
结论:
- 语境化,特别是使用PDF文档和提示符,提高了LLM在提供与指导方针一致的瘤学建议方面的表现.
- 这些发现表明,LLM在瘤学决策支持中的潜在应用范围比目前公认的更广泛.
- 在不同的癌症类型和现实环境中进行进一步的验证是必要的,以获得临床采用.
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