通过实验性进化发现的Drosophila侵略的进化反
Anna R Girardeau1, Grace E Enochs1, Julia B Saltz1
1Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.
概括
进化反,即一代人的反.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 行为遗传学行为遗传学
- 定量遗传学 是一种定量遗传学.
- 生态遗传学 生态遗传学
背景情况:
- 进化反发生在一代进化变化改变后代环境时.
- 间接遗传效应 (IGEs) 是推动进化反的一个关键机制,但实验证据有限.
- 了解进化反对于预测对环境变化的反应至关重要,包括气候变化和农业实践.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究进化反对行为进化的速度和模式的影响.
- 量化不同类型的社会反 (正面,负面,没有) 对侵略性演变的影响.
- 为了确定社会动态是否在不同的反条件下演变.
主要方法:
- 使用果 (Drosophila melanogaster) 种群的实验进化.
- 操纵社会环境,允许或限制进化反在选择男性男性侵略的过程中.
- 跨种群的进化轨迹的比较,经历了正面,负面或没有反,加上未经选择的对照.
主要成果:
- 负面反的人群表现出进化的攻击性增长最慢.
- 具有积极反的群体进化显著更高水平的侵略 ("超常"侵略).
- 基本社会动态的演变仅在负面反治疗中观察到.
结论:
- 间接遗传效应介导的进化反显著改变了行为进化的速度和方向.
- 反的类型 (正面与负面) 极大地影响了进化变化的程度.
- 对反的实验操纵提供了一个强大的工具,用于剖析进化变化的机制.
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