利用自然语言处理来阐明现实世界的临床决策范式:一项概念验证研究
Yaniv Alon1, Etti Naimi1, Chedva Levin2
1Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|April 24, 2025
概括
临床决策主要取决于临床医生的经验和知识,通常依赖于启发式. 先进的自然语言处理 (NLP) 和大型语言模型为分析这些复杂的决策过程提供了新的途径.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 了解临床决策对于个性化,基于证据的护理至关重要.
- 对定性临床决策数据的系统分析带来了重大挑战.
- 弥合现实实践和基于证据的指导方针之间的差距需要强大的分析方法.
研究的目的:
- 使用计算方法系统地分析定性临床决策数据.
- 识别临床医生决策过程的潜在认知范式.
- 探索自然语言处理 (NLP) 和大语言模型 (LLM) 在理解临床推理中的应用.
主要方法:
- 使用自然语言处理 (NLP) 对讲希伯来语的临床医生进行的采访的分析.
- 使用的单词频率分析和术语的表征.
- 采用大型语言模型 (ChatGPT和Gemini) 来识别认知范式.
主要成果:
- 临床医生的经验和知识被认为是决策中最有影响力的因素.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 建议基于启发式的推理和直觉作为主要的认知范式.
- 观察到共享决策和以患者为中心的护理个性化的证据.
- 开发了初步的希伯来语临床词典,并且由于资源有限而调整了停止词.
- 结果初步支持启发式判断在临床判断中的作用,同时指出需要更广泛的抽样和改进的分析框架.
结论:
- 这项研究开创了质量和计算方法的整合,以系统地阐明临床决策.
- 这些发现支持了基于经验的启发式指导临床认知的假设.
- 方法学的进步有可能改变全球对量身定制护理的理解.
- 标准化NLP工具和分析框架的跨学科合作可以通过在各种环境中揭示现实世界的临床推理来促进公平的医疗保健.
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