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相关概念视频

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

618
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
618
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

291
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
291
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

255
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
255
Language Development01:22

Language Development

280
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
280

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 10, 2025

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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在紧急情况下的语言处理招募语言和默认模式网络.

Junjie Wu1, Guang Yang2, Zhisai Liu3

  • 1Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, Australia.

Neuropsychologia
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

紧急语言处理涉及语言网络 (LN) 和默认模式网络 (DMN). 左中额头 (MFG) 中的大脑活动与压力和高紧急场景中的表现相关.

关键词:
默认模式的网络模式是默认模式.紧急情况 紧急情况功能性近红外光谱学近红外光谱学语言处理语言处理.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 紧急医疗 紧急医疗

背景情况:

  • 有效的语言处理对于紧急情况的专业人士来说至关重要.
  • 以前的研究集中在沉默或非紧急噪音中的语言处理.
  • 在紧急情况下语言处理的神经机制,特别是语言网络 (LN) 和默认模式网络 (DMN) 的作用,仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 在模拟的高紧急和低紧急场景中调查语言处理背后的神经机制.
  • 在紧急语言任务中检查语言网络 (LN) 和默认模式网络 (DMN) 的参与.
  • 探索大脑活动,压力水平和在紧急情况下的语言表现之间的相关性.

主要方法:

  • 利用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来测量大脑活动.
  • 评估了60名参与者在模拟紧急情况下执行语言处理任务.
  • 在休息状态,低紧急和高紧急场景之间比较大脑激活模式.

主要成果:

  • 阅读任务显示DMN区域 (双边SFG/MFG) 的激活减少,LN区域 (Broca区域,左叶,左IPL) 的激活增加.
  • 左中额头 (MFG) 的活动增加与参与者报告的压力水平有积极的相关性.
  • 语言处理性能与左侧MFG激活有正相关,特别是在高紧急组.

结论:

  • 在紧急情况下的语言处理涉及语言网络 (LN) 和默认模式网络 (DMN).
  • 左中额头 (MFG) 在压力和紧急情况下的语言处理中扮演着重要的角色.
  • 这项研究增强了对语言处理在复杂的现实世界紧急情况中的神经基础的理解.