美国的避孕政策:历史和当前的挑战
Carol S Weisman1, Diana Velott1, Amy Zheng2
1Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
概括
州和联邦政策旨在改善避孕措施的获取,但障碍仍然存在,并且可能在多布斯后恶化. 这篇论文详细介绍了生殖健康保健覆盖范围的政策历史和当前挑战.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 生殖健康法 生殖健康法
- 医疗保健经济学 医疗保健经济学
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,政策的目标是通过保险覆盖来扩大避孕措施的可用性.
- 在多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织最高法院判决后,避孕覆盖范围的障碍仍然存在,预计会增加.
- 了解历史背景和当前的挑战对于有效的生殖保健政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从建立联邦避孕权到2024年,按时间顺序概述与公共和私人医疗保险中的避孕保险相关的联邦和州政策.
- 分析避孕措施覆盖政策的演变与技术进步和社会政治挑战相结合.
- 识别和描述避孕覆盖的当代障碍,特别是在后多布斯时代.
主要方法:
- 使用已公开的来源和公共数据集,构建联邦和州避孕政策覆盖范围的详细时间表.
- 政策时间表与避孕技术和实践发展的历史记录的调整.
- 将政治和法律挑战纳入政策时间表.
主要成果:
- 为了增加避孕准入,有三次主要的政策制定浪潮发生:医疗补助扩展选项,州一级的平等法律和"平价医疗法案"的覆盖任务.
- 在多布斯之后,挑战包括试图将避孕药归类为堕胎药物,并恢复康斯托克法案时代的限制.
- 目前,免费预防服务覆盖范围的任务受到威胁.
结论:
- 避孕覆盖政策是动态的,并将受到不断的法律和政治挑战对堕胎和避孕准入的影响.
- 不断发展的避孕技术和输送方法也将塑造未来的政策格局.
- 持续监测和宣传对于确保持续获得避孕措施至关重要.
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