回答:为了证明NHS健康检查计划的合理性,需要哪些证据?
Zahra Raisi-Estabragh1,2, Stefan Neubauer3, Thomas E Nichols4
1William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
国家卫生服务 (NHS) 的健康检查计划有助于早期发现心血管风险因素. 出席检查导致更好的长期健康结果和降低死亡率,支持对这一公共卫生倡议的持续投资.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 预防心血管疾病 预防心血管疾病
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 心血管风险因素的管理是具有成本效益的,但交付是不理想的.
- 国家卫生服务 (NHS) 健康检查于2009年对40-74岁的个人实施.
- 早期发现和治疗高血压,高脂血症和慢性病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估与非参加者相比,参加NHS健康检查的长期健康结果.
- 针对有关观察性研究设计,自我选择偏见和与随机对照试验 (RCT) 的比较的批评.
主要方法:
- 使用英国生物银行进行的前性观察研究.
- 在NHS健康检查参加者和匹配的非参加者之间对健康结果的比较.
- 早期诊断和长期多系统性疾病和死亡率的分析.
主要成果:
- 参与者早期出现的新高血压,高脂血症和慢性病的比率较高.
- 参与者经历的长期多系统性疾病和死亡率明显降低.
- 研究结果表明,早期检测预先存在的疾病,而不是仅仅吸引更健康的个体.
结论:
- "NHS健康检查"在检测主要心血管风险因素和改善长期健康方面是有效的.
- 引用自我选择偏差和过时的RCT的批评与观察到的数据不一致.
- 对NHS健康检查的持续投资是有必要的,以预防发病率和死亡率.
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