前性痴呆:对差异诊断中人工智能方法的系统审查
Serena Dattola1, Augusto Ielo1, Giuseppe Varone2,3
1IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience
|April 25, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 显示了通过分析复杂数据来诊断前性痴呆症 (FTD) 的前景. 然而,像小型数据集和缺乏标准化的挑战需要解决临床使用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 前性痴呆症 (FTD) 是一种神经退行性疾病,影响人格,行为和语言.
- 精确的FTD,其亚型和阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 等其他痴呆症之间的差异诊断对于患者护理至关重要.
- 机器学习 (ML) 通过识别临床和神经成像数据中的微妙模式,提供了提高诊断准确性的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查ML模型的优点和局限性,以区分FTD与其他神经系统疾病.
- 根据最近的文献,评估FTD诊断中ML应用的现状.
主要方法:
- 在PROSPERO (CRD42024520902) 中注册的PRISMA指南的系统审查.
- 从2013年到2024年进行的文献搜索.
- 分析了25项符合条件的研究,涉及65,444名患者 (2,984名FTD,3,437名AD,103名MCI,20名PDD/DLBPD).
主要成果:
- 支持矢量机器 (SVM) 和深度学习方法,特别是卷积神经网络 (CNN),经常被使用,并且在区分FTD时显示出高精度.
- 多模式数据 (神经成像,EEG,神经心理评估) 的整合提高了诊断性能.
- 机器学习模型在识别FTD差异化的复杂模式方面显示出重大潜力.
结论:
- ML技术显示出强大的潜力,可以提高FTD诊断.
- 挑战包括小样本大小,阶级不平衡,缺乏标准化,限制概括性.
- 未来的研究应该专注于标准化的协议,更大的数据集和可解释的AI用于临床集成.
相关概念视频
Dementia
65
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
65
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
317
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
317


