水能连接:面膜工程 实现可持续发展
1Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Membranes
|April 25, 2025
概括
改善淡化水是可持续发展和应对气候变化的关键. 新的方法将反透 (RO) 与其他膜工艺相结合,以提高能源效率和减少二氧化碳排放.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 可持续发展,包括获得清洁水和减缓气候变化,是全球优先事项,受联合国可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 的指导.
- 水和能源部门是内在联系的,对水处理和海水淡化过程的能源需求很大.
- 化石燃料消耗和相关的二氧化碳排放是气候变化的主要驱动因素,突出了需要节能解决方案的需要.
研究的目的:
- 审查节能海水淡化技术的现状和未来前景.
- 探索基于膜的创新方法,以加强淡水回收和最大限度地减少对环境的影响.
- 调查降低海水淡化能源足迹的策略,特别是反透 (RO) 和膜蒸 (MD).
主要方法:
- 对最先进的海水淡化技术的分析,重点是反透 (RO).
- 混合系统的评估,将RO与压延迟透 (PRO),反向电透析 (RED) 和前向透 (FO) 合起来.
- 评估透辅助反透 (OARO) 和与RO集成的膜蒸 (MD),以增加水回收和盐水管理.
主要成果:
- 几种混合膜系统在淡化水中提高能源效率方面显示出有前途.
- 将RO与PRO,RED和FO相结合提供了提高水产和减少能源消耗的途径.
- 将MD与RO整合起来,可以增加淡水回收,减少排放的盐水量,重点是减少热能需求.
结论:
- 节能淡化对于实现可持续发展目标和缓解气候变化至关重要.
- 混合膜工艺,包括与其他透或电透析技术相结合的RO,代表了重大进步.
- 减少海水淡化所需的能源,特别是MD的热能,对于使水产与气候行动保持一致至关重要.
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