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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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SMC4通过Rheb/mTOR通路促进前列腺癌细胞的扩散和转移.

Wei Zhang1,2, Siyuan Qin3, Xiaokang Li4

  • 1School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

染色体蛋白4 (SMC4) 的结构维护通过增强糖解和与GLUT1.1相互作用,促进前列腺癌转移. 抑制SMC4可以通过Rheb/mTOR途径减少癌细胞的增殖,迁移和转移.

关键词:
这就是 GLUT1 的原因.在SMC4中,SMC4是SMC4.转移 转移 转移 转移前列腺癌是前列腺癌.

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科学领域:

  • 在瘤学瘤学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 前列腺癌转移仍然是一个重大的临床挑战.
  • 结构维护染色体蛋白4 (SMC4) 在前列腺癌进展中的确切作用尚未完全理解.
  • 异常的SMC4表达与前列腺癌的转移性进展有关.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明SMC4在前列腺癌转移中的功能性作用.
  • 研究SMC4影响癌细胞行为的分子机制.
  • 为了确定前列腺癌治疗的潜在治疗点.

主要方法:

  • 对SMC4表达模式的癌症基因组图谱 (TCGA) 数据库的分析.
  • 在RM1-LM细胞中,CRISPR/Cas9介导的SMC4基因被淘汰.
  • 在体外测试细胞增殖和迁移.
  • 在体内小鼠转移模型.
  • RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 和KEGG通路丰富分析.
  • 免疫沉质谱 (IP-MS) 用于识别SMC4相互作用体.
  • 同免疫沉 (Co-IP) 和糖溶性速率测定.

主要成果:

  • 在实验室中,SMC4倒置显著降低了前列腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移.
  • 在小鼠模型中,SMC4敲除降低了肺转移能力.
  • SMC4的淘汰抑制了Rheb/mTOR信号通路,并降低了ATP的产生.
  • 发现SMC4与葡萄糖载体1 (GLUT1) 相互作用,影响细胞糖解.
  • 凯格 (KEGG) 分析显示,癌症和代谢途径的丰富.

结论:

  • 通过与GLUT1的相互作用和Rheb/mTOR通路的调节,SMC4促进前列腺癌细胞转移.
  • 向SMC4或其与GLUT1的相互作用可能代表转移性前列腺癌的新疗法策略.
  • SMC4在调节癌细胞代谢和转移潜力方面发挥着至关重要的作用.