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运动员兴奋剂预防计划的有效干预特征:通过元分析进行系统审查
Luis Felipe Reynoso-Sánchez1, Amairani Molgado-Sifuentes1, Hussein Muñoz-Helú2
1Research Centre for Physical Culture Sciences and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Culiacán 80014, Mexico.
反兴奋剂教育可以改善运动员的短期意图和行为,但长期影响会减少. 积极参与对于持续的影响至关重要,因为被动参与阻碍了有效性.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 运动中兴奋剂仍然是一个重大问题,需要有效的预防策略.
- 现有的反兴奋剂教育计划在方法 (认知,情感,组合) 和参与者参与 (积极与被动) 方面有所不同.
- 了解这些计划的长期有效性和影响因素对于优化干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析不同反兴奋剂教育方法的有效性.
- 调查运动员积极与被动参与对计划结果的影响.
- 评估反兴奋剂干预措施对意图和行为的短期和长期影响.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA 2020指南和PICOS框架进行系统的文献审查.
- 十项涉及3581名运动员的研究的元分析和元回归.
- 效果大小计算,以量化干预措施对兴奋剂意图和行为的影响.
主要成果:
- 反兴奋剂教育显著改善了短期的兴奋剂使用意图 (ES = 0.29) 和行为 (ES = -0.27).
- 长期影响显示下降 (ES = -0.13),而道德行为基本上不受影响 (ES = 0.01).
- 被动参与对意图 (ES = -0.40) 和行为 (ES = -0.40) 有负面影响;实验前的设计产生了较差的行为结果 (ES = -0.74).
结论:
- 反兴奋剂教育对于短期的行为改变是有效的,但对于长期的影响需要加强.
- 积极的运动员参与对于成功的兴奋剂预防至关重要,超过了被动的方法.
- 未来的干预应侧重于持续的参与和潜在的互补策略,如指导,以解决更深层次的价值观.
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