肠道神经参与帕金森病的发生
Hayley N Templeton1, Stuart A Tobet1,2, Luke A Schwerdtfeger1,3
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States.
概括
帕金森病涉及肠道中的α-synuclein (aSyn) 聚合,影响肠-大脑轴通信. 本综述探讨了肠道神经和微生物因素如何影响帕金森病中的aSyn病理和神经炎症.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 帕金森病 (PD) 的特点是大脑中的α-synuclein (aSyn) 聚合,导致运动缺陷.
- aSyn病理扩展到胃肠道 (GI),与非运动PD症状和肠-大脑轴功能障碍相关.
- 肠道神经对肠-大脑沟通,免疫反应和肠道屏障功能至关重要,但它们在PD病变发生过程中的作用尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前对微生物代谢物和免疫影响对肠道神经信号传递在PD的理解.
- 检查aSyn在肠道神经系统中的聚合及其与PD的联系.
- 在PD及其动物模型的背景下探索下游的神经免疫通路的改变.
主要方法:
- 关于帕金森病,α-synuclein聚合,肠道神经和肠-大脑轴研究的文献综述.
- 在PD模型中分析研究,重点关注微生物代谢物,免疫反应和神经调节失调.
- 与肠道aSyn病理和神经免疫变化的相关发现的综合.
主要成果:
- 微生物组的改变和肠道炎症与PD有关,但它们对肠-大脑信号传输和aSyn聚合的功能影响尚不清楚.
- 在PD动物模型中观察到各种肠道神经 (例如,VIP,NPY,CGRP) 的失调.
- 在胃肠道中发现aSyn聚合物,这表明PD病变和非运动症状的外围参与.
结论:
- 肠道神经信号传递是调节PD病变的潜在治疗标.
- 了解肠道微生物群,神经和aSyn聚合之间的相互作用对于解决PD至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明肠道神经在PD进展和非运动症状中的确切作用.
相关概念视频
01:15Parkinson's Disease: Overview
415
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
415
01:37Neural Regulation
39.0K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.0K
01:24Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
178
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
178
01:29Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters
9.6K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
9.6K
01:22Lysosomal Hydrolases
3.7K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.7K
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
172
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
172