港口清洁卡车和大纽约地区的环境正义
Yeonkyeong Gina Park1, H Oliver Gao1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 310 Hollister Hall, 527 College Ave., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|April 25, 2025
概括
根据港口疏卡车更换计划 (TRPs) 的清洁柴油卡车对空气质量产生了不同的影响. 靠近港口的黑人社区的NO2水平恶化,而西班牙裔社区的水平有所改善.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 港口运营对当地空气污染作出了重大贡献.
- 处境不利的社区往往承担不成比例的环境危害负担.
- 港口疏卡车更换计划 (TRPs) 旨在减轻柴油卡车造成的污染.
研究的目的:
- 评估TRP对港口附近弱势社区当地空气质量的影响.
- 评估TRP对黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔社区的差异影响.
- 确定减少环境健康差异的政策建议.
主要方法:
- 利用了区域层面的年度空气污染物数据和人口普查人口统计数据.
- 采用差异差异模型 (DDD) 来估计空气质量变化.
- 将港口附近地区的空气质量趋势与纽约大区 (GNY) 进行比较.
主要成果:
- TRPs具有不同的效果:靠近港口的黑人社区经历了较高的NO2水平 (比GNY黑人地区增加6.4%),而西班牙裔社区则有所改善.
- 在港口附近地区,黑人占多数地区的NO2比非黑人占多数地区高出2.7%.
- 相对的NO2差距在黑人人口中扩大,但与GNY相比,在西班牙裔人口中缩小.
结论:
- TRPs造成了差距,黑人社区经历了负面结果,西班牙裔社区受益.
- 针对性干预和综合政策方法对于环境正义至关重要.
- 建议包括标准化卡车法规,更严格的排放控制和加速采用电动/汽车.
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