训练负载与经过训练好的跑步者的不同类型训练课程后的急性性能下降之间的关系
Mattia D'Alleva1,2, Andrea Nicolò3, Francesco Bot1,2
1Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
International journal of sports physiology and performance
|April 25, 2025
概括
在跑步者的训练课程后,急性性能下降发生. 只有NASA任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 训练负载指标有效预测了这种性能下降,这表明它对监控训练的实用性.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 绩效分析 绩效分析
背景情况:
- 了解训练负载 (TL) 和急性性能下降 (APD) 之间的关系对于优化运动训练至关重要.
- 存在各种TL指标,但它们与培训后立即表现变化的关联尚未完全阐明.
- 训练有素的跑步者是研究训练对表现的微妙影响的关键人群.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究不同训练负载 (TL) 度量与经过良好训练的跑步者的急性性能下降 (APD) 之间的关系.
- 确定哪些TL指标,如果有的话,可以预测特定培训课程后的立即绩效降低.
- 评估培训课程中不同强度领域对APD的影响.
主要方法:
- 12名训练有素的跑步者完成了基线时间到耗尽 (TTE) 测试.
- 进行了四次随机训练,与外部负载相匹配,但强度域持续时间不同.
- 使用训练冲动,心率变化,感知劳力的评级和NASA任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 来评估训练负载.
- 急性绩效下降 (APD) 是通过训练后的TTE测量.
主要成果:
- 与基线相比,所有训练课程后的TTE显著减少.
- 长时间的高强度训练 (HITlong) 与低强度训练 (LIT) 相比,导致更高的APD.
- 大多数TL指标在LIT中高于HITlong,但NASA-TLX在HITlong中显著高,与APD有很强的相关性 (β = 0.54,P < .001).
- 生理学数据表明,在LIT期间90%V ̇O2max以上的时间较短,在HIT期间呼吸系统参数较高.
结论:
- 在训练有素的个人中,经过跑步训练后,急性性能下降是常见的结果.
- 大多数传统的TL指标与APD没有相关性.
- 美国宇航局任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 成为APD的重要预测指标,突出了它作为监测培训状态和防止绩效下降的宝贵工具的潜力.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
693
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
693
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue
1.9K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
1.9K
Exercise and Muscle Performance
1.3K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
1.3K


