对检测尼古丁残留物的评估方法及其对人类的影响的分析:系统性审查
Audrey A Almassi1,2, Brian G G Oliver1,2, Sheree M Smith2,3
1Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
概括
从尼古丁残留物中暴露于第三手烟 (THS) 是一个公共卫生问题,特别是对于儿童来说. 本综述评估了测量THS的方法,强调需要改进技术来了解其对健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 第三手烟 (THS) 包含有毒的尼古丁残留物,在烟草使用后的表面持续存在.
- 暴露是通过皮肤接触或吸入而发生的,儿童和婴儿特别容易受到影响.
- 这种THS构成了显著的,但往往被低估的公共健康风险.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估各种测量尼古丁THS残留物的有效性.
- 在不同的人群中评估不同测量技术的准确性.
- 确定THS评估中的差距,并为未来的研究方向提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从1999年到2024年,在五个主要数据库 (ProQuest,Medline,Embase,Scopus,Cochrane图书馆) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括涉及暴露于THS残留物的人群的研究;动物研究被排除在外.
- 数据提取和选由两个审查员独立执行,该协议在PROSPERO.上注册.
主要成果:
- 在最初检索的394项研究中,36项被选择用于查后的全面审查.
- 方法分为分析人类分泌物 (唾液,尿液),细胞分析 (纤维素基质),环境评估 (表面,织物) 和流行病学评估 (调查).
- 经常使用唾液和尿液等非侵入性生物标志物,以及包括调查和机器学习在内的各种工具.
结论:
- 为了检测THS尼古丁残留存在各种选择性检测方法,每个都有不同的优点和局限性.
- 进一步的研究对于完善和验证这些评估技术至关重要.
- 改进的THS测量方法将提高对其对人类健康的影响的理解.
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