一个用于边缘计算应用的KWS系统,具有基于模拟的特征提取和学习的步骤大小量子化分类器
Yukai Shen1, Binyi Wu2, Dietmar Straeussnigg3
1Electronics Technology Department, University of Madrid Carlos III, 28911 Leganes, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
概括
这项研究提出了用于边缘设备的超低功耗关键字发现 (KWS) 系统. 节能架构实现了高准确度的关键字检测与最小的资源使用,即使在杂的条件下.
科学领域:
- 边缘计算 边缘计算
- 低功耗架构的使用方法
- 语音识别 语音识别 语言识别
背景情况:
- 边缘计算需要节能系统来完成诸如关键词发现等任务.
- 便携式设备对音频处理有严格的功率限制.
研究的目的:
- 为能源受限制的边缘应用提出一个超低功耗的关键词识别 (KWS) 系统.
- 开发一个强大的和高效的架构,用于音频特征提取和分类.
主要方法:
- 使用了用于音频特征提取的模拟过器银行和数字门式反复单元 (GRU) 分类器.
- 在GRU模型中应用了一种学习步骤大小 (LSQ) 和查看表 (LUT) 意识的量子化方法 (W4A8).
- 进行了模拟前端 (AFE) 的行为建模和针对噪声和参数变化的稳定性测试.
主要成果:
- 量子化W4A8 GRU模型在12个类别中实现了91.35%的准确性,其完全精度降低了<1%.
- 该系统只需要34.8kB的内存和每次推理62,400个MAC操作.
- AFE证明了对高斯噪声和模拟电路损害的稳定性.
结论:
- 拟议的KWS系统适用于超低功耗,抗噪声的边缘应用.
- 节能设计平衡了高精度与最小的计算和内存资源.
- 该系统的稳定性确保了在现实世界,不完美的条件下可靠的性能.
相关概念视频
Classification of Systems-I
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Classification of Systems-II
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation
This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
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