疾病的界限:模糊性和过度诊断
1University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
The Journal of medicine and philosophy
|April 26, 2025
概括
疾病的概念是一个模糊的集群概念,没有严格的定义. 这种模糊性虽然被承认,但并不破坏疾病的生物统计学理论 (BST),也不对医疗实践构成威胁.
科学领域:
- 医学哲学 医学哲学
- 概念分析 概念分析
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
背景情况:
- "疾病"的定义和概念化仍然是哲学和医学中持续辩论的主题.
- 现有的理论难以提供明确的界限,导致过度诊断等问题.
- 生物统计学理论 (BST) 为了解疾病提供了一个框架,但面临着批评.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估集群概念和对疾病的生物统计学理论 (BST) 的模糊性论据.
- 解决关于BST在定义疾病界限中的实用性及其对过度诊断的影响的批评.
- 捍卫BST的稳健性,以应对对疾病概念的哲学分析所带来的挑战.
主要方法:
- 使用哲学逻辑对术语"疾病"进行概念分析,重点关注集群概念和模糊性.
- 详细检查普通疾病概念及其边界病例.
- 反驳针对生物统计学理论 (BST) 的具体批评.
主要成果:
- "疾病"的概念最好被理解为一个模糊的集群概念,缺乏必要和充分的条件.
- 疾病概念的模糊性是普遍存在的,即使功能障碍被认为是必需的.
- 作者承认"疾病"的模糊性,但认为它比建议的不那么有问题,并且不会使BST无效.
结论:
- "疾病"的模糊性并不本质上威胁到生物统计学理论 (BST).
- 对模糊性的哲学方法为定义疾病的挑战提供了潜在的解决方案.
- BST为了解疾病提供了一个可行的框架,尽管该概念固有的模糊性.
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