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相关概念视频

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 10, 2025

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

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描述了人类胎盘的细胞特异性小非编码RNA转录组.

Nikita Telkar1,2,3, Desmond Hui1, Maria S Peñaherrera1,2

  • 1British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.

Scientific reports
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究揭示了人类胎盘细胞类型中不同的小型非编码RNA (sncRNA) 表达模式. 这些发现为胎盘发育和基因调节提供了关键的见解.

关键词:
胆小 (chorionic villi) 是一种表小.这就是米RNA.胎盘 胎盘 胎盘 胎盘小型非编码RNA是什么?热细胞 热细胞

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Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants
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siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts
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相关实验视频

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

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siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts
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科学领域:

  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类胎盘包括各种各样的细胞类型,对其功能至关重要.
  • 小型非编码RNAs (sncRNAs) 调节基因表达,并且可以是细胞特异的.
  • 由于隔离困难,研究单个胎盘细胞的sncRNA转录组具有挑战性.

研究的目的:

  • 探索大量胎盘小和分离的胎盘细胞类型的sncRNA转录组.
  • 描述不同胎盘细胞系和妊娠年龄的sncRNA表达模式.
  • 研究胎盘中sncRNA表达和DNA甲基化之间的相关性.

主要方法:

  • 采用定制测序方法来分析七种sncRNA物种.
  • 使用了9个第一季度和17个末期胎盘的样本.
  • 应用光激活细胞分类 (FACS) 用于分离主要的胎盘细胞类型 (细胞质细胞,层状细胞,内皮细胞,霍夫巴乌尔).

主要成果:

  • 在正常化后,根据细胞类型的血统分组的胎盘样本.
  • 115个sncRNA在细胞类型中表现出差异性平均表达,尽管没有一个是唯一表达的.
  • 已知的胎盘表达的sncRNAs根据细胞类型和三个月的表达方式有所不同;很少有根据性别的变化.

结论:

  • 这是人类胎盘和孤立细胞类型中sncRNA转录组的首次全面探索.
  • 结果揭示了胎盘中sncRNAs的细胞类型特定的表达模式.
  • 这项研究揭示了sncRNAs在人类胎盘发育和功能中的调节作用.