在胎儿酒精谱系障碍中执行和社会功能:与自闭症的比较
Natalie H Stagnone1, John C Thorne1, Julia T Mattson1
1Natalie H. Stagnone, John C. Thorne, Julia T. Mattson, and Sara T. Kover, University of Washington.
概括
患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童表现出执行功能挑战. 在FASD和ASD组中,执行功能与社会功能有关.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 的挑战在患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童中很常见.
- 父母报告的EF影响ASD的社会功能.
- 以前的研究发现了FASD和ASD之间的重叠和独特的技能,但EF及其社会功能关系仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较FASD和ASD儿童的执行功能的优点和弱点.
- 检查FASD和ASD之间的执行功能中的群体差异.
- 在这两种条件下,研究执行功能与社会功能之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 使用的家长报告指标:执行职能行为评级清单 (简要报告,简要报告-2或简要报告-P) 和社会响应度表,第二版.
- 包括患有FASD (n=23) 和ASD (n=18) 的学龄前和学龄儿童.
- 分析了执行功能尺度和社会功能,控制非语言智商.
主要成果:
- 无论是FASD和ASD组都表现出执行功能挑战,在所有检查的尺度上,得分都超过了规范平均值.
- 只有在工作记忆中发现了显著的群体差异,这表明了特定的区别.
- 执行功能与两个群体的社会功能都有积极的相关性,即使考虑到非语言智商.
结论:
- 患有FASD和ASD的儿童共同面临着重要的执行功能挑战.
- 执行功能是与FASD和ASD社会功能相关的关键因素.
- 这些发现强调了在这些神经发育障碍中执行功能和社会功能之间的重叠关系.
更多相关视频
19:57The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Published on: August 5, 2017
8.3K
05:32Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
Published on: December 7, 2018
8.8K
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
33
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
33
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
21
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
21
Intellectual Disability
15
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
15
Social Anxiety Disorder
12
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
12
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
19
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
19
Modeling in Therapy
26
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
26
