在精神分裂症和严重抑郁症中,在抑郁现象型中执行功能障碍的不同模式
Yunxuan Ping1,2,3, Nannan Liu3,4, Tongxin Li3,4
1School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|April 27, 2025
概括
精神分裂症和严重抑郁症都会损害执行功能. 精神分裂症的抑郁症状主要影响反应速度,而负面症状则影响这两种情况的准确性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 缺陷在精神分裂症 (SZ) 和严重抑郁症 (MDD) 中很普遍.
- 在SZ与MDD中EF子域的不同影响,特别是关于抑郁症状的不同影响,需要澄清.
研究的目的:
- 调查MDD,有抑郁症状的SZ (SZ-D),没有抑郁症状的SZ (SZ-ND) 和健康对照 (HC) 的EF子域.
- 在这些群体中探索精神病理症状和EF表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用n-back,Stroop颜色词和更多奇怪的转移任务来评估EF.
- 采用17项的汉密尔顿抑郁量表,汉密尔顿焦虑量表和正负综合征量表来评估症状.
- 招募了213名参与者:76名MDD,81名SZ和56名HC.
主要成果:
- 在双背任务中,SZ-D患者的反应时间 (RT) 较慢;SZ-ND患者的准确率 (AR) 较低.
- SZ-D患者在更奇怪的转换任务中增加了转换成本的RT; SZ-ND患者的转换成本的AR较低.
- 在双背 (SZ-D) 和单背 (SZ-ND) 条件下与AR相关的负面症状. SZ患者表现出更严重的EF功能障碍.
结论:
- 在SZ中,抑郁症状主要影响反应速度,而不是准确性.
- 负面症状与MDD和SZ患者的EF缺陷有关.
- 结果突出了SZ和MDD中不同的EF概况,受症状呈现的影响.
相关概念视频
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
29
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
29
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
16
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
16
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
19
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
19
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
33
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
33
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid
8
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
8
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
23
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
23


