对临床决策支持的六大语言模型的评估:对 RhD 血型患者的输血决策中的应用
Jong Kwon Lee1, Sooin Choi2, Sholhui Park3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Annals of laboratory medicine
|April 28, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示了 RhD 血型鉴定中临床决策支持的潜力. 在测试的LLM中,GPT-4o表现最好,但人类专家在输血决策方面仍然优越.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示出临床决策支持的前景.
- 它们在 RhD 血液分类等特定任务中的应用尚未得到充分研究.
- 这项研究评估了韩国医疗保健中RhD血型问题的LLM准确性.
研究的目的:
- 评估六个LLM在解决RhD血型相关问题的准确性.
- 为了比较LLM的表现与输血医学专家.
- 探索快速工程对LLM准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了15个关于输血场景的多项选择和真假问题.
- 在韩语和英语中向六个LLM (Clova X,Gemini 1.0,Gemini 1.5,ChatGPT-3.5,GPT-4.0,GPT-4o) 提出问题.
- 与22名输血医学专家进行LLM结果比较; 应用快速工程来解决具有挑战性的问题.
主要成果:
- 在韩国语 (0.6) 中,GPT-4o获得了最高的精度,超过了Clova X和Gemini (P <0.05).
- 输血专家显示出更高的准确性 (0.8).
- 快速工程改善了GPT-4o对一个问题的反应;其他模型失败了;LLM在重复时显示不一致的反应.
结论:
- 在 RhD 输血决策支持方面,GPT-4o 在评估的 LLM 中表现最好.
- 法学士的表现表明了潜在的支持作用,而不是主要的决策.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化临床应用的LLM.
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