海马体表征的精确性预测了成年人一生中的增量价值学习
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|April 28, 2025
概括
海马有助于价值学习,通过代表物品身份,对决策至关重要. 在老年人中,海马体和中间前额叶皮层之间的连接性减少会损害这一过程.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 适应性决策依赖于对选项的赋值.
- 强化学习 (RL) 模拟了这一过程,神经信号在条纹体和中间前额叶皮层中发现.
- 新出现的证据表明,海马体参与价值学习.
研究的目的:
- 研究海马在价值学习过程中代表信用分配的选项身份中的作用.
- 检查海马体对价值学习贡献的年龄相关差异.
- 探索刺激的表现和连接如何影响整个生命周期的决策.
主要方法:
- 一个强化学习任务,涉及对感知上相似的项目的试错价值学习.
- 功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 在年轻和老年人的子集 (n=76).
- 代表性相似性分析 (RSA) 以评估海马体中的神经表示和与中间前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 的连接性.
主要成果:
- 年长的成年人表现出选择准确度降低和选择过程中神经价值信号减少.
- 在选择过程中,后部海马体的表示忠实度预测了跨年龄组的决策准确性.
- 没有神经脱差的证据;相反,老年人显示海马-mPFC连接性减少,与选择一致性相关.
结论:
- 后部海马体通过信号选择身份,有助于增量价值学习.
- 与年龄相关的价值学习下降与海马体-mPFC信息传输的减少有关,而不是海马体表现的受损.
- 研究结果强调了海马-前额沟通对于整个生命中的适应性决策的重要性.
更多相关视频
14:27Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
Published on: August 11, 2019
12.3K
07:43Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published on: May 12, 2015
11.2K
相关概念视频
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
22
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
22
Role of Hippocampus in Memory
82
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
82
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
11
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
11
Long-term Potentiation
54.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
54.4K
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
39
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
39
Information Processing Approach
13
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
13
