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[言语和听力障碍的早产学龄儿童的康复:需要理性方法的解决方案]

I V Savenko¹, E S Garbaruk^1,2, M Yu Boboshko¹

¹Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Laboratory of hearing and speech, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Vestnik otorinolaringologii

|April 28, 2025

概括

过早出生的孩子经常面临言语和听力挑战,增加听力处理障碍 (APD) 和阅读障碍的风险. 早期的跨学科诊断和量身定制的听力培训对于最佳发展至关重要.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发育儿科发育儿科
语音语言病理学语言病理学

背景情况:

过早出生的儿童表现出言语和语言困难,影响认知和学术技能.
听力障碍的高风险影响到外围和中央听力系统.
听觉损伤可能导致中央听觉处理障碍 (APD),影响发育.

研究的目的:

在早产儿中探索语音/听力问题,阅读障碍和APD之间的联系.
提出一种跨学科的诊断方法来识别听力缺陷.
概述量身定制的 (康复) 策略,包括听力培训.

主要方法:

跨学科的诊断过程,以评估语音和听力障碍.
确定特定的审计缺陷.
评估儿童的年龄和干预计划的能力.

主要成果:

诊断使得有针对性的 (再) 康复干预成为可能.
审计培训是干预的关键组成部分.
采用了边缘 ("自下而上") 和认知 ("自上而下") 两种方法,或结合起来.

结论:

跨学科的方法对于诊断和管理早产儿的言语和听力障碍至关重要.
个性化 (康复) 康复,专注于听力训练,改善了结果.
解决外围和中央听力功能对于综合护理至关重要.

关键词:

听觉处理障碍听觉处理障碍听力损伤听力损伤听力困难听力困难过早出生的孩子过早出生的孩子语音语言延迟语音语言延迟

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