"训练更少,但仍然可以同样提高吗?" 成熟成长对排球表现指数的发展比训练参与更有影响力
Stephen Cobley1, Marie Javet2, Shaun Abbott1
1Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Magglingen, Australia.
Journal of sports sciences
|April 29, 2025
概括
在年轻的女运动员中,排球训练对表现发展的影响比成熟程度要小. 在峰值增长期间降低训练时间仍然可以产生相当的绩效增长.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 人类运动 人类运动
背景情况:
- 了解年轻运动员的表现发展因素对于体育科学和教练至关重要.
- 排球特定训练参与度 (VTE) 和成熟状态是青少年运动发展的关键变量.
研究的目的:
- 检查VTE和成熟状态对年轻女排运动员体育表现发展的纵向影响.
- 确定VTE和成熟状态与随时间推移的物理测试表现之间的独立和互动关系.
主要方法:
- 在3年时间内对139名瑞士女排比赛选手 (基线年龄为10-14岁) 进行长度研究.
- 使用9-3-6-3-9敏捷冲刺,站立长跳 (SLJ) 和跳跃和伸展测试,每年评估身体表现.
- 线性混合模型 (LMMs) 用于分析VTE (小时/周) 和成熟状态 (从峰值高度速度开始的年份 - YPHV) 之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在VTE,成熟度状态和测试绩效指数之间发现了互动和独立的关系.
- 在高峰期和成熟后的阶段,VTE对绩效的影响普遍下降 (-0.5-2.5 YPHV).
- 研究发现,在这些阶段,成熟度增长对绩效发展的影响比VTE更大,降低VTE导致同等的绩效增长.
结论:
- 成熟成长显著影响年轻女排球员的体育表现发展,往往超过训练参与.
- 教练应该谨慎地将所有绩效增长归因于培训参与,特别是在高峰增长时期.
- 这些发现表明,在PHV后的阶段,对生理学重点训练的高度参与可能并不那么有益,尽管这可能不适用于技能或技术培训.
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