埃塞俄比亚12-23个月大的儿童免疫不完全的决定因素:多层次分析
Sofiya Ayalew Kebede1, Yawkal Tsega2, Niguss Cherie3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|April 29, 2025
概括
在埃塞俄比亚,年轻的孕产妇年龄,更大的家庭规模,以及有限的获得产前和产后护理是不完全儿童免疫接种的关键预测因素. 改善母婴健康服务对于提高疫苗接种覆盖率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 疫苗在全球范围内显著降低了儿童死亡率,挽救了数百万人的生命.
- 埃塞俄比亚扩大疫苗接种计划在实现其目标方面面临挑战.
- 在埃塞俄比亚,社区和个人层面不完全免疫的决定因素仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估埃塞俄比亚12-23个月龄的儿童免疫不完全的预测因素.
- 确定与不完全疫苗接种状态相关的个人和社区层面的因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自2019年埃塞俄比亚小型人口健康调查 (EMDHS 2019) 的数据.
- 在分析中包括1029名12-23个月龄的儿童.
- 采用多层二进制物流回归分析,使用STATA版本17.0.0.
主要成果:
- 不完全免疫与年轻的母亲年龄 (15-24岁和25-34岁),更大的家庭规模 (≥5) 和少于4次产前护理 (ANC) 访问有关.
- 缺乏产后护理 (PNC) 的利用,农村居住,以及低社区水平的ANC和机构交付利用是显著的预测因素.
- 低/中等社区ANC利用率 (AOR=3.55/3.29) 和低社区机构交付 (AOR=3.93) 与不完全免疫接种有很强的关联.
结论:
- 个人层面的决定因素包括年轻的孕产妇年龄,家庭规模,不足的ANC,农村居住和不利用PNC服务.
- 社区层面的因素,如低ANC和机构交付服务的利用率,显著影响免疫率.
- 卫生政策制定者应该优先考虑改善母婴健康服务的战略,以提高免疫覆盖率.
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