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城市可行性通过不同的镜头:对GPT-4o和人类感知的比较研究
Musab Wedyan1, Yu-Chen Yeh2, Fatemeh Saeidi-Rizi1
1School of Planning, Design and Construction, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
PloS one
|April 29, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 与人类对城市可行性,特别是安全性和可行性感知的适度一致. 然而,人类的投入对于捕捉行人友好的城市设计中的舒适性和活力等细微方面仍然至关重要.
科学领域:
- 城市研究 城市研究
- 人与计算机的交互
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 传统的使用计算机视觉和机器学习的城市可行性评估缺乏主观和情感的维度.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在城市研究中为分析非结构化数据提供了潜力.
- 评估LLM能够捕捉人类对可行性感知的能力,对于设计适合步行者的环境至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估大型语言模型 (LLM),特别是GPT-4o,是否可以准确地反映人类对城市可行性的看法.
- 为了比较GPT-4o对城市场景的评估与人类对关键可行性维度的判断.
主要方法:
- 人类参与者和GPT-4o根据可行性维度评估了街道平面图像:整体可行性,可行性,可访问性,安全性,舒适性和活力.
- 文本挖掘技术,包括关键词频率,连贯性得分和相似性指数,用于分析答复.
- 在GPT-4o和人类参与者的评估之间进行了比较分析.
主要成果:
- GPT-4o和人类参与者在评估整体可行性,可行性,可访问性和安全性方面表现出一致.
- 在对舒适度和活力的评估中观察到显著的差异,人类表现出更广泛的主题多样性.
- GPT-4o提供了更有针对性和凝聚力的反应,特别是在舒适性和安全性方面,与人类判断的相似性得分中等.
结论:
- 人类投入对于全面,以人为中心的可行性评估至关重要.
- LLM 显示出潜力,但需要改进,以完全与城市可行性研究中的人类认知保持一致.
- 未来的研究应该专注于加强LLM,以便对主观的城市环境质量有细微的理解.
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