探索香农在语言处理和词汇演变中的信息和标志性的动态
Alexander Kilpatrick1, Rikke L Bundgaard-Nielsen2
1Center for Language Research, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan.
PloS one
|April 29, 2025
概括
这项研究揭示了词语结构如何影响认知处理和语言演变. 更可预测的单词声音,比如标志性词的声音,更容易处理,影响语言随时间的变化.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知语言学 认知语言学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 标志性词,具有形式意义相似性,提供认知处理优势.
- 标志性跑步机假设表明,不断发展的标志性词汇朝着任意性发展.
- 现有的模型,如认知负载理论和迷失的上下文惊喜解释句子级处理.
研究的目的:
- 在美国英语中,研究信息内容 (Shannon's information) 和词形 (iconicity) 之间的相互作用.
- 用 bigram 惊喜来测试关于认知处理和词汇演变的预测.
- 将句子级别的处理模型扩展到心理语言分析的bigram级别.
主要方法:
- 在一个大规模的口语美国英语语库中计算声学比格拉姆surprisal.
- 交叉引用惊喜数据与词语的标志性评分.
- 应用和扩展句级语言处理模型 (认知负载理论,迷失语境惊喜模型) 到大图分析.
主要成果:
- 具有不太可能的语音序列 (高惊喜) 的单词会导致认知处理缺陷.
- 尽管最初的处理难度很大,但不太可能的单词显示了增强的长期记忆保留能力.
- 在不断演变的单词中,大图序列的可预测性可能会抵消处理任意单词的认知成本.
结论:
- 语言处理中的认知局限性在很大程度上影响了词汇演变.
- 信息可预测性和处理力度之间的平衡影响了单词的保留和更改.
- 这些发现有助于理解语言变化和结构的认知基础.
更多相关视频
08:05Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
Published on: June 30, 2020
7.4K
05:38Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
Published on: June 29, 2021
2.3K
相关概念视频
Language and Cognition
287
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
287
Language
170
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
170
Encoding
80
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
80
Information Processing Approach
13
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
13
Lateralization
254
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
254
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory
107
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
107
