精英力量和体型竞争者之间的性别和体育特异性差异
Juha J Hulmi1, Jeve Ojala1, Veli-Matti Lappi1
1Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
International journal of sports medicine
|April 29, 2025
概括
精英力量运动员 (SA) 和体型运动员 (PA) 在肌肉力量和大小方面表现出体育特异性差异. 肌肉大小有助于运动员的最大力量,与男性相比,女性表现出优越的力量耐力.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 力量和体型学科的精英运动员代表了研究适应训练的独特人群.
- 了解肌肉形态,力量和耐力之间的相互作用对于优化性能和训练方案至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较精英力量运动员 (SA) 和体型运动员 (PA) 在人体测量,力量和肌肉大小方面.
- 研究这些运动群体内力量和耐力方面的性别差异.
- 确定肌肉截面面积 (CSA) 对最大强度的贡献.
主要方法:
- 涉及男性和女性SA (n=12),PA (n=13) 和未受过训练的对照 (n=14) 的横截面研究.
- 测量包括人体测量,最大强度 (最大一次重复),强度耐力 (多次重复) 和肌肉CSA通过超声波.
- 统计分析包括组之间的比较和部分相关性,以评估CSA和力量之间的关系,对性别和培训背景进行控制.
主要成果:
- 虽然SA在运动特异性功率 (垂直跳跃) 中表现出色,但SA和PA之间在通用动力强度或同度扭矩方面没有发现显著差异.
- 与SA相比,PA表现出较大的双臂CSA和较低的身体脂肪百分比.
- 男性通常更强壮,更有肌肉,而女性在腿部按压任务中表现出优越的力量耐力. 运动员在复杂但不简单的力量任务中表现出比对照者更好的强度/CSA比率.
- 肌肉CSA在控制性和训练背景时是最大力量的适度预测器.
结论:
- 力量和体型运动员在肌肉大小和力量方面表现出与其特定运动相关的明显适应.
- 肌肉大小是精英运动员最大力量的重要贡献者.
- 与男性相比,女性拥有更强的力量耐力,无论其训练背景如何.
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