在健康经济学和结果研究中使用生成人工智能:技术和突破的入门书
Tim Reason1, Sven Klijn2, Will Rawlinson3
1Estima Scientific, 2 Eastbourne Terrace, London, W2 6LG, UK. tim.reason@estima-sci.com.
PharmacoEconomics - open
|April 29, 2025
概括
生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 可以简化健康经济学和结果研究 (HEOR) 任务. 卫生经济学家应该了解GenAI工具,如大语言模型 (LLM),并应对负责任采用的挑战.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学和结果研究 (HEOR)
- 人工智能 (AI) 是一种人工智能.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 为优化 HEOR 工作流提供了机会.
- 传统上耗时的HEOR任务,如文献评论和数据提取,可以通过GenAI进行增强.
- 卫生经济学家需要对GenAI的基础知识才能充分利用其能力.
研究的目的:
- 在HEOR项目中向卫生经济学家介绍GenAI工具的基本使用,特别是大型语言模型 (LLM).
- 为在HEOR中导航不断变化的AI领域提供指导.
- 突出将LLMs纳入HEOR实践的潜在好处和挑战.
主要方法:
- 使用聊天机器人接口 (例如,ChatGPT) 进行可访问的LLMs探索.
- 使用应用程序编程接口 (API) 来实现复杂项目的可扩展性和集成性.
- 实施快速的工程策略 (少数镜头,思维链) 和检索增强生成 (RAG) 以提高LLM性能.
- 讨论部署选项 (本地托管,安全的API,云托管的开源模型) 以及它们的安全/技术权衡.
主要成果:
- 在HEOR任务中,LLM显示出显著的潜力,包括文献总结,数据提取,报告起草,代码生成和质量审查.
- 关键的挑战包括LLM"幻觉" (不准确的信息),安全问题 (GDPR,HIPAA合规),可复制性问题和潜在的偏见.
- 有效实施需要强大的安全协议,报告透明度 (模型版本,提示) 和道德考虑.
结论:
- 通过提高效率和洞察力,GenAI,特别是LLM,为HEOR提供了转型潜力.
- 负责任的采用需要对LLM能力,局限性,安全要求和道德影响有充分的了解.
- 未来的应用可能包括动态的HEOR材料,改进的患者信息访问和加速的药物访问分析,需要仔细管理数据所有权和偏差.
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