机器学习模型的开发和评估,以预测在参与社区治疗计划的医疗补助计划员中对阿片类药物使用障碍的急性护理
Lingshu Xue1, Ruofei Yin2, Evan S Cole1
1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|April 30, 2025
概括
机器学习模型可以预测Medicaid入学者的阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 急性护理事件. XGBoost模型显示了跨种族群体的改善公平性,有效地识别高风险个体.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 构成了重大的公共卫生挑战,需要准确的风险预测,以便及时进行干预.
- 宾夕法尼亚州的医疗补助计划在卓越中心 (COE) 计划的入学者是研究OUD急性护理事件的关键人口.
- 预测OUD急性事件的现有模型可能会在不同种族群体中表现出差异.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估用于预测OUD (OUD急性事件) 的住院或急诊室访问风险的机器学习算法.
- 为了评估在宾夕法尼亚州医疗补助计划中参加COE计划的宾夕法尼亚州医疗补助计划的种族群体中模型表现的公平性.
- 为了比较各种机器学习模型的预测性能,包括XGBoost.
主要方法:
- 研究了一组20983名18岁以上的宾夕法尼亚州医疗补助计划入学者,他们在2019年4月至2021年3月期间访问了COE.
- 应用多变量逻辑回归,LASSO,随机森林和极端梯度增强 (XGB) 来预测OUD急性事件.
- 模型的表现使用多个按种族群体分层的指标进行评估,个人分为低,中,高风险群体.
主要成果:
- 与其他方法相比,XGBoost模型表现出优异的预测性能 (C统计76.6%).
- 该XGBoost模型将入学者分为高风险 (6%),中风险 (30%) 和低风险 (63%) 组,高风险组的40.7%经历了OUD急性事件.
- 与白人入学者相比,XGBoost模型显示了更好的公平性,在少数种族/族裔群体中,虚假负面率较低,虚假阳性率较高.
结论:
- 机器学习算法,特别是XGBoost,可以有效地预测Medicaid入学者的OUD急性护理使用风险.
- 与之前的OUD相关模型相比,开发的XGBoost模型显示了种族和族群之间的公平性得到了改善.
- 这些发现支持使用先进的机器学习来进行风险分层和针对OUD管理的有针对性的干预.
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