马来西亚的结核病:疾病时间表,流行病学,控制举措和前景
F A Fadzil1, S R Ramli2, H Neoh3
11UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The Malaysian journal of pathology
|April 30, 2025
概括
结核病 (TB) 仍然是马来西亚的一个公共卫生挑战,发病率正在上升. 先进的诊断和普遍的治疗覆盖率对于实现到2035年消除结核病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 自20世纪初以来,结核病 (TB) 在马来西亚一直是严重的公共卫生问题.
- 尽管采取了控制措施,但自2011年以来,结核病发病率一直在上升,使马来西亚成为流行国家.
- 国家结核病控制计划和胸部诊所历来减少了死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 审查马来西亚肺结核 (PTB) 的时间表,流行病学,管理和未来前景.
- 了解该国结核病控制的现状和挑战.
- 确定实现无结核病状态的战略.
主要方法:
- 对马来西亚PTB的历史数据和当前文献的审查.
- 分析诊断方法,包括胸部X射线,唾液培养和抗生素敏感性测试.
- 检查与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 准则一致的治疗方案.
主要成果:
- 在2011年之后,PTB发病率稳步增加.
- 报告了两例广泛耐药结核病病例.
- 所有主要的Mycobacterium结核病菌系都存在,北京家族在马来西亚半岛普遍存在.
- 抗生素耐药性与rpoB,katG,embB和pncA基因的突变有关.
结论:
- 马来西亚面临着PTB的持续挑战,包括耐药菌株和多种Mycobacterium结核病系.
- 建议使用分子平台和人工智能加强监控.
- 全民治疗覆盖和先进诊断对于实现到2035年消除结核病的目标至关重要.
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