猪中牛原型D型流感病毒的发病,传播和宿主内部进化
Stéphane Gorin1, Gautier Richard1, Stéphane Quéguiner1
1Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Swine Virology Immunology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France.
Transboundary and emerging diseases
|April 30, 2025
概括
D型流感病毒 (IDV) 可以感染猪,导致流产和无明显疾病的传播. 雌激酶融合蛋白中的特定突变 (L118F) 似乎对牛的IDV适应和在猪中传播至关重要.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 传染病生态学 传染病生态学
- 动物健康 动物健康
背景情况:
- 牛是D型流感病毒 (IDV) 的主要储存库.
- 在猪中检测到IDV,但其生态作用和猪的疾病结果仍然不清楚.
- 了解猪中的IDV对于管理潜在的动物传播风险和动物健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一种来自牛的IDV在猪中的病变,传播和宿主适应.
- 为了确定影响猪IDV感染动态的病毒和宿主因素.
- 评估原牛IDV从猪传播到猪的可能性.
主要方法:
- 一个实验性感染和传播研究,使用特定的无病原体的猪.
- 两种接种途径 (鼻和气管) 进行了测试,以检测来自牛的IDV分离物.
- 分析了病毒分泌,血清转化和病毒分离物的遗传测序.
主要成果:
- 所有接种疫苗和接触猪都流出了IDV和血清转化,没有观察到任何临床症状.
- 鼻腔内接种导致较早的病毒流放,相比于鼻腔内接种,这表明上呼吸道复制.
- 在猪体中,在血凝素-酶融合蛋白中发现了一种特定的突变 (L118F),该突变被确定,固定并维持在整个通道中.
结论:
- 牛原产的IDV可以有效地感染,传播和在猪中复制,而不会引起明显的疾病.
- L118F突变可能有助于牛IDV适应猪,增强病毒的繁殖和传播.
- 猪可能在D型流感病毒的循环和演变中发挥作用.
相关概念视频
00:57Viral Recombination
23.1K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.1K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.0K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.0K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.0K
01:20Infection
6.4K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
6.4K