活衰减的古典猪瘟病毒疫苗衍生品变体的潜在致病性和遗传特征
Zhenhua Guo1, Guangxu Xing1, Leyi Wang2
1Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute for Animal Health, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
Transboundary and emerging diseases
|April 30, 2025
概括
在中国,古典猪瘟病毒 (CSFV) 爆发很可能是由活衰减疫苗引起的,导致小猪损失很大. 这突显了在CSFV管理中不科学地使用疫苗的风险.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 动物病理学 动物病理学
- 疾病流行病学 疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 经典猪瘟 (CSF) 是一种高度传染性的病毒性疾病,在全球猪生产中造成重大经济损失.
- 活体减弱疫苗对于在特有地区的CSFV控制至关重要,但它们的使用,特别是在母猪和幼猪中,是有争议的.
- 在一些地区,如欧洲,常规接种疫苗往往会被避免,直到疫情爆发.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国一家猪场严重爆发猪瘟的原因,猪母和小猪的死亡率很高.
- 通过植物遗传学和基因组学分析来表征涉及疫情的CSFV分离物.
- 评估疫情与活衰减CSFV疫苗之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 在中国一家养猪场爆发疹疫情的流行病学调查.
- 孤立的CSFV菌株 (CSFV/HeNLY2022) 的遗传学分析.
- 基因组测序和与已知CSFV菌株和疫苗菌株的隔离物进行比较,包括确定氨基酸突变.
主要成果:
- 疫情影响了90%以上的分娩母猪,导致大约45%的产量损失.
- 遗传学分析将CSFV分离物 (CSFV/HeNLY2022) 置于1.1a亚基因型中,与活衰减疫苗菌株密切相关.
- 基因组分析揭示了与C/HVRI疫苗菌株的高核酸同一性 (99.7%),在隔离物中发现了八种特定的氨基酸突变.
结论:
- 大多数情况下,CSFV疫情的爆发很可能是由于使用活体减弱的CSFV疫苗或其衍生物而导致的.
- 不科学地使用CSFV疫苗会造成猪群中疾病传播的风险.
- 需要对C菌株衍生疫苗进行进一步严格的安全评估,特别是与其他活减弱疫苗结合使用时.
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