调查与野生肉相关的公共卫生关注的传染性生物
Georgia Kate Moloney1,2, Philippe Gaubert3,4, Sophie Gryseels5,6
1School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, Australia.
Transboundary and emerging diseases
|April 30, 2025
概括
全球野生肉类贸易传播动物传染病原体,增加公共卫生风险. 这次审查强调了野生动物和人类中的114种病原体,敦促政策变化和执法部门专注于这种贸易.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 野生动物生态生态学
背景情况:
- 野生肉类贸易是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题,作为动物传染病原体溢出的道.
- 狩猎,屠宰和食用野生动物等活动为疾病传播创造了高风险场景.
- 过去的流行病如SARS,埃博拉和COVID-19都与这种贸易有关,但它在全球范围内仍然存在.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估有关动物性病原体和与野生肉类贸易相关的传染性生物体的初级文献.
- 为了识别野生肉类,狩猎动物和通过高风险活动暴露的人类中的病原体多样性.
- 为政策制定和未来研究方向提供有关野生肉类贸易健康风险的信息.
主要方法:
- 对2000年至2022年间出版的初级文献进行系统和批判性评估.
- 分析了97篇文章,报告了野生肉类,狩猎动物或暴露的人类中的病原体检测.
- 检测到的生物体被分类为具有动物传染潜力的生物体,载体和污染物.
主要成果:
- 在32个国家的168种脊椎动物中,共发现了114种病原体属 (15种病毒,40种细菌,54种寄生虫,5种真菌).
- 在野生肉类中报告的32%的属有动物感染潜力;在参与贸易的人类中发现了13种病毒,4种细菌和1种寄生虫属.
- 大多数研究使用了向病原体检测 (如PCR,ELISA),只有一个使用了广谱元编码,可能限制了病原体的发现.
结论:
- 野生肉类贸易是多种多样的传染性生物体的庇护所,具有显著的动物感染潜力,对全球健康构成重大风险.
- 目前的研究方法可能会忽略新型病原体,因为它们依赖于有针对性的检测试验.
- 调查结果强调,迫切需要加强执法,并将研究重点放在非法野生肉贸易上,以减轻未来的流行病风险.
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