在疾病感知方面,从不现实的乐观到功能乐观:在10个国家进行心理测量比较
Elisa Kern de Castro1, Oscar Lecuona2,3, Maria João Figueiras4
1Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Almada, Portugal.
Scandinavian journal of psychology
|April 30, 2025
概括
乐观可以在COVID-19大流行等危机期间积极影响健康行为. 这项研究发现,乐观增强了感知控制和治疗坚持,证明了其在管理疾病感知中的适应性作用.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 个人对疾病和风险的看法显著影响健康行为和保护措施.
- 不切实际的乐观往往导致低估个人感染风险.
- 危机的特点是无法控制的情况,可以破坏自我调节,挑战乐观的偏见.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19流行病的初始阶段调查乐观,风险感知和疾病感知之间的关系.
- 探索这些观念及其相互联系的跨国变化.
- 了解乐观如何在全球卫生危机的背景下适应性地发挥作用.
主要方法:
- 用贝叶斯结构方程建模来评估心理稳定性.
- 单向ANOVA被用于跨国比较分析.
- 多重回归分析检查了乐观和人口统计学对疾病感知的影响.
主要成果:
- 在乐观程度和疾病感知方面,观察到跨国实质性的差异.
- 乐观与对COVID-19风险的感知增加正相关,特别是关于负面结果,个人担忧和疾病的感知一致性.
- 在危机期间,乐观主义表明了从不现实的偏见转变为功能性属性.
结论:
- 乐观在健康危机期间起到适应作用,促进功能益处.
- 乐观主义促进了加强个人控制,治疗的坚持,以及对疾病的连贯理解.
- 这些发现强调了乐观在挑战时期个人自我管理健康的重要性.
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