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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
12.7K
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

23.7K
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
23.7K
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

47.7K
DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
47.7K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

35.2K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
35.2K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.7K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.7K
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

4.6K
The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 9, 2025

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

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在没有六个子单位的ORC的情况下,在初级肝细胞中进行DNA复制.

Róża K Przanowska1, Yuechuan Chen2, Takayuki-Okano Uchida3

  • 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.

eLife
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
概括

初级细胞可以在没有ORC2蛋白的情况下启动DNA复制,这挑战了以前对DNA复制启动的理解. 这一发现表明在某些细胞类型中复制的替代途径.

关键词:
细胞生物学 细胞生物学遗传学 遗传学 遗传学 是一个基因组学就是基因组学.这里是鼠标鼠标鼠标鼠标鼠标鼠标.小鼠胚胎中的纤维细胞.小鼠的肝脏是小鼠的肝脏.主要肝细胞主要是肝细胞.

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Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

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Published on: October 27, 2011

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Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells
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Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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112

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 原始识别复合体 (ORC) 对于在真核生物中启动DNA复制至关重要.
  • 癌细胞可以承受单个ORC子单元 (ORC1,ORC2,ORC5) 的损失.
  • 在小鼠肝脏内复制中,ORC1是不可用的,这可能是由于CDC6同类基因的替代.

研究的目的:

  • 调查ORC2对于原始细胞中DNA复制的必要性.
  • 确定原始细胞是否可以在没有ORC2的情况下启动DNA复制,类似于癌细胞.

主要方法:

  • 在小鼠中条件删除ORC2.
  • 在小鼠胚胎纤维细胞和肝细胞中分析DNA合成和增殖.
  • 评估ORC1和ORC2删除对肝脏内分复制的影响.

主要成果:

  • 鼠肝细胞可以在没有ORC2的情况下在体外和体内繁殖和内分泌复制.
  • 在小鼠肝脏中同时删除ORC1和ORC2仍然允许内分泌复制.
  • 内核复制启动DNA合成,表明复制可以在没有ORC的情况下发生.

结论:

  • 初级细胞,就像癌细胞系一样,可以在没有ORC的情况下启动DNA复制.
  • 在某些情况下,MCM2-7的加载和复制启动可以通过ORC独立的途径实现.
  • 这些发现重新定义了ORC对于eukaryotes中DNA复制启动的必要性.