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相关概念视频

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules.
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The automobile's ignition system plays a vital role by ensuring the timely ignition of the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. This ignition is facilitated by a spark plug, which is composed of two electrodes separated by an air gap. A spark forms across this air gap when a substantial voltage is generated between the electrodes, leading to the ignition of the fuel.
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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 6, 2026

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation
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基于启发式能源的循环设计.

Qiyao Zhu1, Vikram Khipple Mulligan1, Dennis Shasha2

  • 1Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York, United States of America.

PLoS computational biology
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

我们开发了CyclicChamp,这是一个高效的计算工具,用于设计新型循环. 这种方法可以为潜在的药物开发创造更大,更稳定的循环 (15-24残留物).

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科学领域:

  • 计算化学是一种计算化学.
  • 药物发现 药物发现
  • 酸科学是一种科学.

背景情况:

  • 理性计算设计对于发现新药和治疗剂至关重要.
  • 中尺度循环 (7-40个氨基酸) 提供结构刚性,结合特异性和抗降解性.
  • 循环的新设计,特别是使用非正规氨基酸,是由于天然循环的稀缺性而是一种有前途的策略.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个高效的计算管道,CyclicChamp,用于循环的新设计.
  • 为了使以前计算难以处理的较大的循环 (15-24个残留物) 能够进行构造性采样.
  • 通过先进的分子动力学模拟来识别稳定的循环设计.

主要方法:

  • 开发了CyclicChamp管道,将循环约束转换为错误函数.
  • 采用模拟回火的变体,以高效地采用骨的构造样本.
  • 利用微秒长度和复制品交换的分子动力学模拟来评估动力和热力学稳定性.

主要成果:

  • CyclicChamp显著加快了小型宏循环的构造采样,并解决了大型设计中的高维度挑战.
  • 符合性采样对15至24个残留周期性变得可处理.
  • 确定了三种15-残留物,一种20-残留物和一种24-残留物循环设计,具有显著的动力和热力学稳定性.

结论:

  • CyclicChamp提供了一种强大而高效的方法,用于设计新的中等尺度循环.
  • 开发的计算方法促进了更大的循环的设计,扩大了治疗剂发现的可能性.
  • 鉴定到的稳定循环候选物需要进一步研究其潜在的治疗应用.