使用机器学习来预测老年人的认知衰退 从中国纵向健康长寿调查:模型开发和验证研究
Hao Ren1,2, Yiying Zheng3, Changjin Li2
1Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, No. 466 Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China, 86 13929587059.
JMIR aging
|April 30, 2025
概括
机器学习模型通过整合血液生物标志物和健康数据,准确地预测老年人的认知衰退. 这种方法有助于早期识别和干预阿尔茨海默病等疾病.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 认知障碍对全球的老年人,家庭和医疗保健系统产生重大影响.
- 早期识别有风险的个人对于及时干预至关重要.
- 现有的认知评估方法可能不方便或缓慢.
研究的目的:
- 探索机器学习 (ML) 的使用,以预测认知功能下降.
- 整合各种数据来源,包括血液生物标志物,生活方式行为和病史.
- 为了确定在三年内面临显著认知衰退风险的老年人.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自中国长度健康长寿调查 (CLHLS) 的数据,其中有2688名65岁以上的参与者.
- 开发了结合人口统计,健康行为,病史和血液生物标志物的ML模型.
- 在培训,内部和潜在验证集上使用准确度,灵敏度和曲线下的面积 (AUC) 评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 机器学习模型在预测认知衰退方面显著优于单独的迷你心理状态检查 (MMSE).
- 一个平衡的随机森林模型在前性验证中获得了高准确度 (88.7%).
- SHAP分析确定了日常生活,年龄和基线MMSE的仪器活动作为关键预测因素.
结论:
- 将血液生物标志物,生活方式和病史与ML集成,为早期认知障碍风险识别提供了快速而准确的方法.
- 这种方法对医疗保健专业人员来说是一个有价值的工具,可以及时进行干预.
- 突出了多式联运数据集成在老龄化人口预测健康建模中的潜力.
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