苏格兰妇女和男性在COVID-19住院和死亡风险中的职业差异:基于人口的研究,使用链接的行政数据
Serena Pattaro1, Nick Bailey2, Chris Dibben3
1Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research (SCADR), School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Serena.Pattaro@glasgow.ac.uk.
Occupational and environmental medicine
|April 30, 2025
概括
性别之间存在COVID-19风险的职业差异. 一般来说,女性的住院和死亡率低于男性,尽管特定的角色显示两者的风险都较高. 考虑到性别的定制干预措施对弱势工人至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 工作场所的诸如通风和社交接触等因素会影响COVID-19的暴露.
- 职业角色和行为中的基于性别的差异可能会影响COVID-19风险.
- 了解这些差异对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据职业和性别估计和比较COVID-19住院和死亡风险.
- 确定男性和女性高风险的特定职业.
- 为减轻职业COVID-19风险的性别特定策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从2020年3月到2021年1月,利用了苏格兰170万名成年人 (40-64岁) 的队列.
- 结合2011年人口普查数据与健康记录和家庭信息.
- 雇员考克斯比例危险模型,调整大流行前的健康和职业暴露,包括性与职业的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 与男性相比,女性的年龄标准化COVID-19住院率和死亡率较低.
- 在女性中,卫生专业人员和副专业人员 (护理人员,技术人员) 的调整后死亡风险最低.
- 大型车辆/出租车司机的男性风险较高;护理服务的男性和客户服务/机械操作角色的女性也面临更高的入院风险.
结论:
- 在男性和女性之间存在COVID-19风险的重大职业差异.
- 为了减少脆弱职业群体中COVID-19感染的干预措施必须考虑性别特异性差异.
- 对职业风险因素和量身定制的保护措施进行进一步研究是有必要的.
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