流行病在全球分布的热水风口生态系统中塑造病毒生态和进化
Marguerite V Langwig1,2, Faith Koester1, Cody Martin1,3
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nature communications
|April 30, 2025
概括
深海热水风口病毒在很大程度上是特有的,影响微生物群落. 它们独特的进化和共同的蛋白质突显了地质的影响和人类活动的潜在脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 海洋微生物学 海洋微生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 深海生态 深海生态
背景情况:
- 病毒在深海热水喷口中大量存在,影响微生物生态系统和生物地化学循环.
- 然而,在这些极端环境中,特定的病毒生态和进化模式尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在全球分布的深海热水风口样本中描述病毒的多样性和分布.
- 研究病毒进化,宿主相互作用以及地质和化学因素对病毒社区的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了52个来自热水风口羽毛,沉积物和扩散流的元基因组样本.
- 5,708个病毒转基因组组装基因组 (vMAGs) 的重建,主要是菌体.
- 对不同地理位置的病毒蛋白和宿主预测进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了49,962种病毒,其中大多数是菌体.
- 发现了大部分特有病毒种群,其中一些在地理上遥远的太平洋喷口之间共享.
- 识别与核心功能和辅助代谢途径相关的共享病毒蛋白.
- 病毒群落,微生物宿主 (Campylobacterota,Proteobacteria),热水化学和地质学之间的相关性.
结论:
- 热水风口病毒生态是由特有和地质因素塑造的,与微生物宿主共同进化.
- 在地理上遥远的病毒共享关键的功能蛋白质,表明保存的进化策略.
- 这些发现强调了深海病毒生态系统对深海采矿等人为影响的潜在脆弱性.
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