拉丁美洲土著人口的健康差异:一个范围审查
Mariana Garza1, Lucía Abascal Miguel2
1University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
International journal for equity in health
|April 30, 2025
概括
拉丁美洲的土著人口经历了显著的健康差异,面临更高的传染病和营养不良率. 解决这些问题需要文化敏感的干预措施和政策变化,以打击系统性不平等.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
- 拉丁美洲研究 拉丁美洲研究
背景情况:
- 持续的健康差异影响拉丁美洲的土著人口,原因是系统的不平等和历史上的边缘化.
- 这些差异包括传染病,营养不良和慢性疾病,需要对公平策略的全面理解.
研究的目的:
- 绘制拉丁美洲各地土著人口所经历的健康差异.
- 识别文献中现有的研究差距.
- 为改善土著健康结果提供政策建议.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行系统范围审查.
- 在PubMed,Embase和Scielo搜索了从2014年5月到2024年5月的研究.
- 包括用定量数据检查健康差异的研究;不包括口腔健康,风险因素和获取研究.
主要成果:
- 在9个国家进行的35项研究显示,土著人口的传染病和营养不良率更高.
- 显而易见的是COVID-19的差异,发病率和死亡率增加.
- 营养不良 (发育迟缓,贫血) 在土著儿童和妇女中更为普遍; 慢性疾病显示差异,而心理健康和癌症的代表性不足.
结论:
- 原住民面临着传染病和慢性疾病的双重负担,贫困,孤立和歧视加剧了这种负担.
- 根据文化定制的干预措施和结构改革对于解决这些健康不平等至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该包括心理健康结果,以全面了解土著健康差异.
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