结核病预防治疗艾滋病毒感染者的护理途径:系统性审查和元分析

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Svetlana Degtyareva¹, Yohhei Hamada², Rebecca F Baggaley^3,4,5

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Phthisiology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia degtarevas87@gmail.com.

The European respiratory journal

|May 1, 2025

概括

对于艾滋病毒感染者来说,结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 在每一个护理步骤上都有重大损失. 较短的TPT方案提高了完成率,突出了需要简化途径以提高效率.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
传染性疾病传染性疾病
艾滋病毒医学艾滋病毒医学

背景情况:

结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 对于降低艾滋病毒感染者结核病发病率和死亡率至关重要.
低于最佳的查,吸收,坚持和随访显著降低了TPT的现实有效性.

研究的目的:

综合评估艾滋病毒感染者在整个结核病预防治疗级联中的消耗情况.
确定损失的关键点进行后续行动,并为提高TPT有效性的战略提供信息.

主要方法:

对368个队列 (270万参与者) 报告TPT级联完成的系统审查和随机效应元分析.
包括2024年3月之前发表的来自低和高结核病负担国家的研究.
亚组分析和元回归来探索异质性和治疗持续时间的影响.

主要成果:

观察到高异质性;大多数参与者 (80.6%) 来自非洲.
异化单疗 (6个月) 是主要的TPT疗法 (92.6%).
在查,免疫检测,治疗开始和完成阶段,随访的显著损失发生了 (超过6分之一的损失).
较短的TPT疗程 (≤4个月) 的完成率 (88.4%) 与较长的 (61.6%) 相比较高.

结论:

在整个TPT护理级联过程中,大量的损失大大降低了其在现实环境中的有效性.
迫切需要简化护理途径和创新的,较短的TPT疗程,以优化患者留守.
未来的研究和政策应优先考虑加强对艾滋病毒感染者的TPT的遵守和减少对TPT的随访损失的战略.

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