身体组成和功能能力作为中年和老年人身体活动的决定因素:一个横截面分析
Matti Hyvärinen1, Anna Kankaanpää2, Timo Rantalainen2
1Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. matti.v.hyvarinen@jyu.fi.
概括
功能能力,而不是身体成分,是老年人身体活动的关键. 保持力量和行走能力促进活跃的生活方式,特别是随着人们的年龄增长.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 身体组成分析 身体成分分析
背景情况:
- 身体活动与人体组成和功能能力有关.
- 这些因素之间的复杂相互作用需要在老龄化人口中进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体组成和功能能力与身体活动水平的关联.
- 澄清这些因素作为中年和老年人身体活动的决定因素的作用.
主要方法:
- 在1158名女性 (47-55岁) 和485名老年人 (75-85岁) 的横截面研究中.
- 通过加速度计评估的体力活动.
- 通过生物电阻分析测量身体组成 (肌肉质量,无肌肉质量).
- 通过六分钟步行测试和膝盖伸展强度测试来评估功能能力.
- 使用线性回归和结构方程模型分析的关联.
主要成果:
- 总体质量和绝对无肌肉质量与身体活动相反相关.
- 步行表现,肌肉强度和相对肌肉质量与身体活动直接相关.
- 身体构成和身体活动之间的关联是由功能能力 (行走性能和肌肉力量) 介导的.
- 功能能力强烈预测了更高的身体活动,特别是在老年人中 (老年女性:β=0.70;老年男性:β=0.92).
结论:
- 功能能力下降是衰老中身体活动的主要限制因素.
- 功能能力下降对身体活动的影响随着年龄的增长而变得更加明显.
- 维持和增强功能能力对于促进老年人积极的生活方式至关重要.
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