在快速跑步的足球运动员中,在最大冲刺跑步期间的时空和运动特征
Yohei Takai1, Terumitsu Miyazaki1, Norihide Sugisaki2
1National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya.
PloS one
|May 2, 2025
概括
快跑的足球运动员 (SOCHigh) 与短跑运动员相匹配.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动分析 人类运动分析
背景情况:
- 了解冲刺力学对于优化足球等体育运动中的运动表现至关重要.
- 以前的研究集中在一般的冲刺特征上,不太重视将精英足球运动员与专注的冲刺者进行比较.
- 在高速足球运动员和短跑者之间区分冲刺机制可以揭示特定的适应和潜在的训练目标.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较时空和运动变量在最大冲刺运行在高速的足球运动员 (SOCHigh),慢跑的足球运动员 (SOCLow),和短跑者 (Sp).
- 阐明精英足球运动员冲刺表现的地面反应力,步骤长度和步骤频率的差异.
- 确定SOCHigh玩家在加速和最大速度阶段使用的特定机械策略.
主要方法:
- 67名男性足球运动员 (分类为SOCHigh,中速或SOCLow) 和17名男子短跑运动员 (Sp) 进行了60米最大力度的短跑.
- 测量了前后和垂直地面反应力,使用集成到50米轨道中的力板进行测量.
- 时空参数包括步骤长度和步骤频率从地面反应力数据和动力学分析计算出来.
主要成果:
- 在初始加速过程中,SOCHigh玩家实现了与短跑者相似的速度,由更高的步骤频率驱动,但净前后冲动较低.
- 在7.5-8.5m/s之间的速度下,SOCHigh和短跑者显示出可比的净前后冲动.
- 在更高的速度 (≥9.0 m/s) 时,SOCHigh玩家与短跑者相比,表现出较低的净前后冲动,主要是由于推进冲动减少,并且在制动时垂直冲动更大,在推进时垂直冲动更低.
结论:
- 高速足球运动员在加速阶段展示了与短跑者相似的冲刺机制,利用更高的步骤频率.
- 在最大速度时,SOCHigh玩家采用不同的策略,涉及更大的垂直冲动,因此相比短跑者更低的步骤频率.
- 这些发现突出了精英足球运动员和短跑运动员之间独特的生物力学特征,表明了运动特定的训练适应.
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