二氧化纳米颗粒扰乱葡萄糖平衡,并与受损的肠内分泌细胞分化有关
概括
二氧化纳米颗粒 (TiO2 NPs),与微粒不同,在小鼠中破坏葡萄糖平衡和肠道激素释放. 这突出了TiO2NP作为潜在的内分泌干扰物,需要优化颗粒大小以确保食品安全.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 纳米技术 纳米技术
背景情况:
- 肠道激素对于葡萄糖平衡至关重要.
- 食品添加剂对葡萄糖代谢的不良内分泌作用尚未完全理解.
- 二氧化纳米颗粒 (TiO2NP) 是常见的食品添加剂.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究TiO2NP与TiO2微粒 (MP) 对葡萄糖平衡的影响.
- 为了检查对肠内分泌细胞和肠道激素分泌的影响.
- 评估TiO2NP作为肠内分泌干扰物的潜力.
主要方法:
- 给小鼠使用1% (w/w) TiO2 NPs和TiO2 MPs.
- 分析血糖水平和耐葡萄糖的分析.
- 鼠标皮质的组织学检查.
- 测量肠道激素水平 (GLP-1,PYY,CCK) 的方法.
- 使用肠道有机体模型进行体外研究.
主要成果:
- TiO2 NPs,而不是MPs,血糖升高和葡萄糖耐受性受损.
- TiO2 NPs改变了肠道上皮的分化,但没有影响增殖或组织学.
- 在TiO2 NP暴露后观察到GLP-1,PYY和CCK的水平降低.
- 在有机体中,TiO2NP损害了肠内分泌细胞分化和GLP-1分泌.
结论:
- TiO2 NPs作为肠道内分泌干扰剂,对葡萄糖平衡有负面影响.
- 二氧化的颗粒大小对于其内分泌干扰潜力至关重要.
- 优化TiO2 NP大小对于食品工业的安全应用至关重要.
相关概念视频
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.0K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.0K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
133
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
133
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
30.9K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
30.9K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
2.9K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
2.9K
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
250
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
250
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
117
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
117


